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Fabric & Substrates :

The modern world relies to a great extent, on textile/polymer composites, the majority of which are rubber/textile compositions.

The physical properties of a coated fabric are affected by the nature of the fiber and the construction of the textile substrate.

vikamshi optimize substrates by combining the right fiber ( Mono & Multi filament) , weave method (Square & Cross Woven, Multi axial, Knitted, Twill, Cords) and constructions (Denier, Counts, Dtex, EPI, PPI ) to deliver the required properties.

This information is intended to be a convenient reference for textile terminology which covers the basic characteristics and properties of the most popular fabrics for rubber reinforcement and will assist in choosing an appropriate textile material suitable for a particular application.

At vikamshi, we welcome the opportunity to assist our customers in the selection of specific substrates.

General Characteristics + -

Vikamshi works with a wide range of textiles and have also developed processes to work with open weave scrims, meshes.

The main types of fibers used in reinforcement of rubber for coating industry, characteristics & general characteristics are discussed in this part.

Properties		Cotton	Rayon	Nylon	Polyester	Aramid	Glass
¹Moisture Regain		8.5 %	13.0 %	4.5 %	0.5 %	2.5 %	0.0 %
²Wet Strength (% of Dry)		120%	Appx. 60%	> 90 %	> 90 %	> 90 %	> 90 %
Water Resistance		Swells & Decomposes	Swells & Decomposes	Not significantly affected	Not significantly affected	No effect	No effect
Heat Resistance		Good to 150 ⁰C	Good to 150 ⁰C	Good to 180 ⁰C	Good to 180 ⁰C	Good to 250 ⁰C	Good to 500 ⁰C
Melting Point		Decomposes over 230 ⁰C	Decomposes over 210 ⁰C	Nylon 6.0- 225 ⁰C Nylon 6.6- 250 ⁰C	250 ⁰C	Decomposes over 500 ⁰C	Softening- 850 ⁰C Melting- 1150 ⁰C
Resistance to Acids		Attached by hot dilute and cold concentrated acids	Attached by hot dilute and cold concentrated acids	Good in normal use, soluble in hot concentrated acids	Good in normal use, soluble in hot concentrated acids	Excellent in normal use, soluble in boiling concentrated sulphuric acid	Good resistance
Resistance to Alkalis		Resistant but swells	Resistant but swells and loses strength in concentrated alkali	Resistant	Generally good, but slightly hydrolysed with amines and hot concentrated alkalis	Resistant	Resistant
³Solvents; Standard		Resistant	Resistant	Resistant	Resistant	Resistant	Resistant
Solvents; Other		Soluble in 70% sulphuric acid and cuprammonium hydroxide	Soluble in 70% sulphuric acid and cuprammonium hydroxide	Soluble in phenol, M-cresol, boiling 80% acetic acid. In dimethyl formaide Nylon 6.6 soluble and Nylon 6 insoluble	Soluble in phenols and hot solvent mix of cyclo hexanone, benzyl alcohol, nitrobenzene and dimethyl phthalate. Dissolve in hot concentrated alkali, ethylene glycol	Soluble in boiling concentrated sulphuric acid and mix solvents of amides, alkali chlorides	Excellent Resistance and insoluble in organic solvent
Weathering		Mildew & Microbiological attack	Mildew & Microbiological attack Little more resistant in compare to cotton	Resistant and transparent to UV light	Resistant and slight fluorescence under UV light	Resistant to sunlight and weathering. Good in cold upto -80 ⁰C	Excellent sunlight and ageing resistance
Identification	Burning	Burns readily with burnt paper / leaves odour	Burns readily with burnt paper / leaves odour	Burns with clear bluish flame, forms bead Celery odour	Burns with smoky black yellowish flame, forms bead. Sweetish odour	Does not burn or melt. Kevlar & Twaron yellow in colour	Does not burn or support combustion
Identification	Shirlastain A Cold Boiling	Purple --	Pink Purple	Dull Yellow Orange	Not Stained	Not Stained	Not Stained Brittle if folded or pressed.

* These evaluations are qualitative and comparative only.

* It should not be construed as recommendations

* Choice should be based on practical consideration

1 Moisture regain is weight of water present as compared to oven dry weight
2 Wet Strength is the tensile strength measured with yarns soaked in water as compared with oven dry
3 Aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones or chlorinated solvents.

Physical Properties + -

vikamshi considers the following areas while advising for choosing the right fabric reinforcement or alternative substrate :

Weave type, Mechanical strength (tensile, tear, puncture resistance and burst limit) stretch and shrinkage, flexibility /rigidity, chemical resistance, thermal properties, bonding – adhesion with coatings and aesthetic considerations.

Properties	Cotton^a	Rayon		Polyamide		Polyester	Aramid	Glass
Properties	Cotton^a	Viscose	Polynosic	Nylon 6	Nylon 6.6	Polyester	Aramid	Glass
Specific Gravity	1.54	1.52	1.52	1.14	1.14	1.38	1.44	2.54
Mean filament diameter (µm)	15	8	8	25	25	25	12	-
Mean decitex per filament	1.6	1.8	1.8	6.7	6.7	5.7	1.7	-
Tensile Strength (MPa)	230	685	850	850	950	1100	2750	2250
Tenacity ( cN/Tex)	15	40	50	80	85	80	190	85
Elongation at Break (%)	8	10	6	19	16	13	4	5
Initial Modulus^b ( cN/Tex)	225	600	800	300	500	850	4000	2150
Shrinkage @ 150⁰C (%)	0.0	0.0	0.0	6.0	5.0	11.0	0.2	0.0

a. Properties for 840 decitex ring –spun cotton yarn
b. Initial Modulus is the stress, extrapolated from that at 2% elongation, to give 100% elongation.

The information are based on the result of many years of tests and trials which has been compiled from published literature, laboratory tests, actual field experience, informed judgments, details collected from textile manufacturers.

* These evaluations are qualitative and comparative only.
* It should not be construed as recommendations
* Choice should be based on practical consideration

Committed to collaborate with Quality, Consistency & Reliability.

Please contact vikamshi for technical support while choosing the right elastomer for a specific application.